What does the command 'chmod +x file.sh' do?

The command 'chmod +x file.sh' is used specifically to add execute permissions to the file named 'file.sh'. This is particularly relevant for script files, as adding execute permission allows users to run the script as a program.

In Linux and Unix-like operating systems, each file has associated permissions that dictate which users can read, write, or execute the file. By default, a newly created script may not have execute permissions set, meaning that while you can open and edit the script, you cannot run it directly as a command. The '+x' option in the chmod command enables the execute permission, making it possible for the user to execute the script directly from the command line.

This functionality is essential for developers and system administrators who are writing shell scripts or other executable programs, as it provides control over how scripts are executed and by whom.